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The founders of the American republic believed presidents should be wise and virtuous statesmen consistently advocating community interests when conducting American foreign policy. Yet the most common theoretical model used today for explaining the behavior of politicians is grounded in self-interest, rather than community interest. This book investigates whether past presidents acted as noble statesmen or were driven by such self-interested motivations as re-election, passion, partisanship, media frenzy and increasing domestic support. The book also examines the consequences for the nation of presidential behavior driven by self-interest. Between 1945 and 2008, presidents issued 4,269 threats to nineteen different countries. Professor B. Dan Wood evaluates the causes and consequences of these threats, revealing the nature of presidential foreign policy representation and its consistency with the founding fathers' intentions.

Presidents --- Political oratory --- Rhetoric --- Language and languages --- Speaking --- Authorship --- Expression --- Literary style --- Parliamentary oratory --- Political speaking --- Oratory --- Politics, Practical --- Public speaking --- Presidency --- Heads of state --- Executive power --- History. --- Language --- Political aspects --- Présidents --- Éloquence politique --- Histoire. --- Langage. --- Social Sciences --- Political Science

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Political oratory --- Rhetoric, Ancient --- Eloquence politique --- Rhétorique ancienne --- Rome --- Politics and government --- Politique et gouvernement --- -Rhetoric, Ancient --- Classical languages --- Greek language --- Greek rhetoric --- Latin language --- Latin rhetoric --- Parliamentary oratory --- Political speaking --- Oratory --- Politics, Practical --- Public speaking --- Rhetoric --- Political aspects --- Politics and government. --- Rhétorique ancienne --- Rhetoric, Ancient. --- Ancient rhetoric --- Orateurs --- Rhétorique antique. --- Éloquence politique --- Éloquence politique. --- République --- Sources.

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Preface Acknowledgments 1. The Problem of Presidential Rhetoric 2. Rhetorical Simplification and the Anti-intellectual Presidency 3. Creating the Anti-intellectual Presidency 4. Substantive Impoverishment and the Anti-intellectual Presidency 5. Institutionalizing the Anti-intellectual Presidency 6. Defending and Indicting the Anti-intellectual Presidency 7. Reforming the Anti-intellectual Presidency Appendix I: The General Inquirer (GI) Appendix II: Definitions of GI Categories Used Appendix III: Annual Messages, 1790-2006 Appendix IV: Inaugural Addresses, 1789-2005 Appendix V: Pr

Presidents --- Rhetoric --- Communication in politics --- Political oratory --- History. --- Language --- Intellectual life. --- Political aspects --- United States --- Politics and government. --- Parliamentary oratory --- Political speaking --- Oratory --- Politics, Practical --- Public speaking --- Political communication --- Political science --- Language and languages --- Speaking --- Authorship --- Expression --- Literary style --- Presidency --- Heads of state --- Executive power --- Government --- History, Political

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Rather than considering political discussions and rhetoric as symbolic, inconsequential forms of politics, Governing with Words conceptualizes them as forms of government action that can shape institutions and societal norms. Daniel Q. Gillion refers to this theory as 'discursive governance'. Federal politicians' statements about racial and ethnic minority concerns aid the passage of minority public policies and improve individual lifestyle behaviors. Unfortunately, most of the American public continues to disapprove of politicians' rhetoric that highlights race. The book argues that addressing racial and ethnic inequality continues to be a tug-of-war between avoiding the backlash of the majority in this nation while advocating for minority interests. Even though this paradox looms over politicians' discussions of race, race-conscious political speech, viewed in its entirety, is the mechanism by which marginalized groups find a place in the democratic process. Such race-conscious discussions, the book argues, have ramifications both within and outside of government.

Rhetoric --- Political oratory --- Politicians --- Minorities --- Literature - General --- Languages & Literatures --- Statesmen --- Parliamentary oratory --- Political speaking --- Oratory --- Politics, Practical --- Public speaking --- Language and languages --- Speaking --- Authorship --- Expression --- Literary style --- Political aspects --- Social aspects --- Language --- Political activity --- United States --- Social policy. --- Race --- Language. --- Physical anthropology

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This volume brings together a distinguished international group of researchers to explore public speech in Republican Rome in its institutional and ideological contexts. The focus throughout is on the interaction between argument, speaker, delivery and action. The chapters consider how speeches acted alongside other factors - such as the identity of the speaker, his alliances, the deployment of invective against opponents, physical location and appearance of other members of the audience, and non-rhetorical threats or incentives - to affect the beliefs and behaviour of the audience. Together they offer a range of approaches to these issues and bring attention back to the content of public speech in Republican Rome as well as its form and occurrence. The book will be of interest not only to ancient historians, but also to those working on ancient oratory and to historians and political theorists working on public speech.

Political oratory --- Parliamentary oratory --- Political speaking --- Oratory --- Politics, Practical --- Public speaking --- Rhetoric --- Political aspects --- Rome --- Politics and government --- Politics and government. --- Oratory, Ancient --- Rhetoric, Ancient --- Political oratory - Rome --- Rome ancienne --- Politique et gouvernement --- République --- Rhétorique --- Oratoire --- Rome - Politics and government - 265-30 B.C. --- Rome - History - Republic, 265-30 B.C.